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LCD

Working with Character LCDs

Character display LCD ares used in so many products we used daily. We can find them in  Espresso machines, 3D printers, microwaves  and printers…

Switches and keypads

Normal Close Switches

Normal-Close basically means in the normal state of the switch i.e non-pressed state, the switch is a closed circuit.The circuit  breaks when the switch…

Switches and keypads

Normal Open Switches

Normal Open Switches  Normal – Open switches is the name given to the switches we are very much used to. The switches that turn…

SPI

Working with SPI

The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a bus interface found in many devices such as DAC,ADC, EEPROM etc. SPI devices typically use two pin…

PWM

Working with Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)

PWM operates by creating a digital output wave of a fixed frequency while allowing varying duty cycle. This gives the microcontroller the capability to…

Calculus

Basic Derivatives

In this lesson we are going to give a short revision of calculus. This will help to be able to picture backpropagation and gradient…

GPIO

Understanding GPIOs

As you may know memory holds code and data for the CPU to process ,and  the I/ O ports are used by the CPU…